Karak Resources Project

Useful historical atlases and guides to the chronology of the Ottoman period include:

Bacharach, J.

1974 Near East Studies Handbook, 570-1974. Seattle and London: University of Washington Press.

Barraclough, G.

1986 Times Atlas of World History. Revised edition. London: Times Books.

Brice, W.

1981 An Historical Atlas of Islam. Leiden: E. J. Brill.

Riley-Smith, J.

1991 Atlas of the Crusades. London: Times Books.

General histories of the Ottoman period:

Kramers, J., Zachariadou, E. and Faroqhi, S.

1995 ‛Othmānli. I: Political and Dynastic History; II: Social and Economic History. Encyclopaedia of Islam. New Edition, vol.8: 190-210.

Shaw, S. and Shaw, E. K.

1976-77 History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey. 2 vols. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Studies on Ottoman history that contain valuable information about the Karak plateau and southern Jordan:

Abu Husayn, A.

1985 Provincial Leaderships in Syria, 1575-1650. Beirut: American University of Beirut Press.

Abujaber, R

1989 Pioneers over Jordan: The Frontier of Settlement in Transjordan, 1850-1914. London: Tauris.

Bakhit, M. A.

1982 The Ottoman Province of Damascus in the Sixteenth Century. Beirut: Librairie du Liban.

Peake, F.

1958 A History of Jordan and its Tribes. Coral Gables, Florida: University of Miami Press.

Rogan, E.

1999 Frontiers of the State in the Late Ottoman Empire: Transjordan, 1850-1921. Cambridge Middle East Studies 12. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

For an English translation and analysis of the 1596 daftar for Jordan, Palestine and southern Syria, see:

Hütteroth, W.-D. and Abdulfattah, K.

1977 Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and southern Syria in the Late 16th Century. Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten 5. Erlangen: Palm & Elke.

For aspects of the economy and material culture of Jordan in the Ottoman period, see:

Kana‛an, R. and McQuitty, A.

1994 The Architecture of al-Qasr on the Kerak Plateau: an Essay in the Chronology of Vernacular Architecture. Palestine Exploration Quarterly 126: 127-51.

Lancaster, W. and Lancaster, F.

1995 Land Use and Population in the Area North of Karak. Levant 27: 103-124.

McQuitty, A.

1995 Watermills in Jordan: Technology, Typology, Dating and Development. Pp.745-51 in Studies in the History and Archaeology of Jordan V, ed. A. Hadidi. Amman: Department of Antiquities of Jordan.

Milwright, M.

2000 Pottery of Bilad al-Sham in the Ottoman Period: A Review of the Published Archaeological Evidence. Levant 32: 189-208.

Rogan, E.

1995 Reconstructing Watermills in Late Ottoman Transjordan. Pp.753-56 in Studies in the History and Archaeology of Jordan V, ed. A. Hadidi. Amman: Department of Antiquities of Jordan.

For different aspects of the history of the pilgrimage route through Jordan in the Ottoman period, see:

Faroqhi, S.

1994 Pilgrims and Sultans: the Hajj under the Ottomans, 1517-1683. London: Tauris.Petersen, A.

1989 Early Ottoman Forts on the Darb al-Hajj. Levant 21: 97-117.Petersen, A.

1995 The Fortification of the Pilgrimage Route during the first three Centuries of Ottoman Rule (1516-1757). Pp.299-305 in Studies in the History and Archaeology of Jordan V, ed. A. Hadidi. Amman: Department of Antiquities of Jordan.

For the accounts of European travelers to the Karak plateau in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, see (some of these books have been republished in numerous editions):

Bell, G.

1907 The Desert and the Sown. London: William Heinemann.

Burckhardt, J.

1822 Travels in Syria and the Holy Land. London: John Murray.

Doughty, C.

1888 Travels in Arabia Deserta. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Irby, C. and Mangles, J.

1823 Travels in Egypt and Nubia, Syria and Asia Minor. London.

Tristram, H.

1874 The Land of Moab: Travels and Discoveries on the East Side of the Dead Sea and the Jordan. London.

For studies of the Karak plateau and southern Jordan in the Late Mamluk, Ottoman and modern periods, see:

Bakhit, M. A.

1982 Jordan in Perspective: The Mamluk-Ottoman Period. Pp.361-62 in Studies in the History and Archaeology of Jordan I, ed. A. Hadidi. Amman: Department of Antiquities of Jordan.

1997 Shawbak. Encyclopaedia of Islam. New Edition 9: 373-74.

Brown, R.

1988 Late Islamic Shobak: A Summary Report of the 1986 Excavations. Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan 32: 225-245.

1989 Excavations in the Fourteenth-Century Mamluk Palace at Kerak. Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan 33: 287-304.

Gubser, P.

1973 Politics and Change in Al-Karak, Jordan. London and New York: Oxford University Press.

Johns, J.

1992 Islamic Settlement on Ard al-Karak. Pp.363-68 in Studies in the History and Archaeology of Jordan IV, ed. A. Hadidi. Amman: Department of Antiquities.

1995 The Longue Durée: State and Settlement Strategies in southern Transjordan across the Islamic Centuries. Pp.1-31 in Village, Steppe and State. The Social Origins of Modern Jordan, eds. E. Rogan and T. Tell. London and New York: British Academic Press.

1996 Karak. Pp.280-83 in Encyclopaedia of Near Eastern archaeology, vol.3, ed. E. Meyers. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

McQuitty, A. and Falkner, R.

1993 The Faris Project: Preliminary Report on the 1989, 1990 and 1991 Season. Levant 25: 37-61.

Al-Majali, R. and Mas‛ad, A. R.

1987 Trade and Trade Routes in the Mamluk Era (A.D. 1250-1516). Pp.311-16 in Studies in the History and Archaeology of Jordan III, ed. A. Hadidi. Amman: Department of Antiquities of Jordan.

Miller, J. M.

1991 ed., Archaeological Survey of the Kerak Plateau. American Schools of Oriental Research Archaeological Reports, ed. J. M. Miller. Atlanta: Scholar’s Press: 1-22.

Sourdel, D.

1978 Karak. Encyclopaedia of Islam. New Edition 4: 609.