Bibliography
Barkay, G.
1992 “The Iron Age II-III.” Pp. 302-373 in The Archaeology of Ancient Israel. Ed. Amnon Ben-Tor. Trans. R. Greenberg. New Haven: Yale University Press. Good overview of inhabited sites with a brief discussion on fortifications.
Benjamin. D.
2000 “City.” Pp. 258-60 in Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible. Ed. David Noel Freedman. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans. The article includes a drawing of Beer-sheba from the Iron Age II. In addition to walls and a gate complex, the illustration shows storehouses, water supply system, a well, and dwellings.
Daviau, P. M. and P. E. Dion
2002 “Moab Comes to Life.” Pp. 38-49, 63 in Biblical Archaeology Review 28, no. 1 (Jan/Feb 2002). The writers give a brief description of the fortifications at al-Mudayna including a drawing of a 6-chambered gate complex, casemate walls, and a tower.
Eddinger, T. W.
2000 “Fortress, Fortification.” Pp. 469-70 in Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible. Ed. David Noel Freedman. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.
2000 “Tower.” Pp. 1321-22 in Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible. Ed. David Noel Freedman. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.
2000 “Walls.” Pp. 1363-65 in Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible. Ed. David Noel Freedman. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.
Herzog, Z.
1997 Archaeology of the City: Urban Planning in Ancient Israel and Its Social Implications. Tel Aviv Sonia and Marco Nadler Institute of Archaeology Monograph Series, no. 13. Sydney: Emery and Claire Yass Archaeology Press. See pp 221-258 for a discussion on Iron Age II urban planning, including information on fortifications.
1997 “Fortifications: Bronze and Iron Ages.” See pp. 325-26 in The Oxford Encyclopedia of Archaeology in the Near East, vol. 2. Ed. Eric M. Meyers. New York: Oxford University Press.
1992 “Settlement and Fortification Planning in the Iron Age.” Pp. 231-74 in The Architecture of Ancient Israel: From the Prehistoric to the Persian Periods. Ed. Aharon Kempinski and Ronny Reich. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society. Herzog includes many photos and drawings of Iron Age city plans, which show fortifications.
Hobbs, T. R.
2000 “War.” Pp. 1365-66 in Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible. Ed. David Noel Freedman. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.
Khouri, R. G.
1997 “Tell Jawa: A Fortified Iron Age Town on the Edge of the Ammonite Kingdom.” Jordan Antiquity (March 17): 4-page email note. Khouri discusses a casemate wall in this report.
Mazar, A.
1992 Archaeology and the Land of the Bible 10,000-586 B.C.E. New York: Doubleday. Good general overview of Iron Age fortifications in pp. 368-462.
Miller, J. M.
1991 Archaeological Survey of the Kerak Plateau. Atlanta: Scholars. See the description of sites #129 (Kh. Mdeinet el-Mu`arrajeh), #143 (Kh. Mdeinet`Aliyā), #428 (Kh. el-`Akūzeh), and #435 (Mdeibi).
Moyer, J. C.
2000 “Gate.” Pp. 483-84 in Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible. Ed. David Noel Freedman. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans. Moyer’s article includes an illustration of a six-chambered gate and a casemate wall from Gezer.